Nifurtimox is a nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and potential antineoplastic activities. Nifurtimox is reduced by cytosol enzymes or flavin-containing microsomal enzymes to a highly reactive nitro anion free radical; autooxidation of the nitro anion free radical generates cytotoxic superoxide anion (02-). In addition, nifurtimox-derived nitro anion free radicals may alkylate macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins, resulting in the disruption of their structure and function.

Nifurtimox is a nitrofuran antibiotic.

Nifurtimox has been investigated for the treatment of Sleeping Sickness and Human African Trypanosomiasis.

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